BIOGRAPHY RADEN ADJENG KARTINI
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A. Biography of Raden Adjeng Kartini
Raden Adjeng Kartini (born in Jepara, Dutch East Indies, 21 April 1879 - died in Rembang, Dutch East Indies, 17 September 1904 at the age of 25 years) or actually more accurately called Raden Ayu Kartini was a Javanese figure and Indonesian National Hero. Kartini is known as a pioneer in the rise of Indigenous women of the archipelago.
R.A. Kartini
Raden Adjeng Kartini came from the priyayi or Javanese aristocratic class. She is the daughter of Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat, a patih who was appointed regent of Jepara soon after Kartini was born. Kartini is the daughter of the first wife, but not the main wife. His mother's name is M.A. Ngasirah, daughter of Nyai Haji Siti Aminah and Kyai Haji Madirono, a religious teacher in Telukawur, Jepara. From the father's side, Kartini's lineage can be traced to Hamengkubuwana VI. The lineage of the Regent of Sosroningrat can even be traced back to the palace of the Majapahit Kingdom. Since Prince Dangirin became regent of Surabaya in the 18th century, the ancestors of Sosroningrat's ancestors filled many important positions in Pangreh Praja.
Kartini's father was originally a wedana in Mayong. Colonial regulations at that time required a regent to marry a nobleman. Because M.A. Ngasirah, her origin is high, so her father remarried to Raden Adjeng Woerjan (Moerjam), a direct descendant of the King of Madura. After the marriage, Kartini's father was appointed regent in Jepara, appointed as the biological father of R.A. Woerjan, R.A.A. Tjitrowikromo.
Kartini is the 5th child of 11 siblings and half-siblings. Of all the siblings, Kartini is the eldest daughter. His grandfather, Pangeran Ario Tjondronegoro IV, was appointed regent at the age of 25 and was recognized in the mid-19th century as one of the first regents to give his children Western education.[1] Kartini's sister, Sosrokartono, is a smart person in the field of language. Until the age of 12, Kartini was allowed to attend the Europeesche Lagere School (ELS). Here, among others, Kartini learned Dutch. However, after the age of 12, he had to stay at home because he could be secluded.
Because Kartini could speak Dutch, at home she began to study on her own and wrote letters to correspondent friends who came from the Netherlands. One of them is Rosa Abendanon who supports him a lot. From European books, newspapers and magazines, Kartini was interested in the advancement of European women's thinking. His desire arose to promote indigenous women, because he saw that indigenous women were in a low social status.
Kartini reads a lot of the Semarang De Locomotief newspaper, which was nurtured by Pieter Brooshooft. He also received a leestrommel (a package of magazines that bookstores distribute to subscribers). Among them there are quite heavy cultural and scientific magazines, as well as the Dutch women's magazine De Hollandsche Lelie. Kartini was then several times sent her writings and published in De Hollandsche Lelie. From her letters, it seems that Kartini reads everything attentively while making notes. Sometimes Kartini mentions one essay or quotes a few sentences. His concern is not only about women's emancipation, but also general social issues. Kartini saw the struggle of women to gain freedom, autonomy and legal equality as part of a wider movement. Among the books Kartini read before she was 20, there were the titles Max Havelaar and the Love Letters by Multatuli, which she had read twice in November 1901. In addition, Kartini also read Louis Coperus' De Stille Kraacht and Van Eeden's high-quality works, the mediocre work of Augusta de Witt, the feminist romance of Mrs. Goekoop de-Jong Van Beek and an anti-crime romance. war by Berta Von Suttner, Die Waffen Nieder (Put the Guns down). All in Dutch.
By her parents, Kartini was betrothed to the regent of Rembang, K.R.M. Adipati Ario Singgih Djojo Adhiningrat, who had three wives. Kartini married on November 12, 1903. Her husband understood Kartini's desire and Kartini was given freedom and was supported to establish a women's school to the east of the gate of the Rembang district office complex, or in a building that is now used as the Scout Building.
Her first and last child, Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat, was born on September 13, 1904. A few days later, September 17, 1904, Kartini died at the age of 25. Kartini was buried in Bulu Village, Bulu District, Rembang.
Thanks to Kartini's persistence, the Kartini Foundation's Women's School was later established in Semarang in 1912, and later in Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, Cirebon and other areas. The name of the school is "Kartini School". The Kartini Foundation was founded by the Van Deventer family, a figure in Ethical Politics.
Although she did not have time to do much for the progress of the nation and the homeland, Kartini put forward ideas for community renewal that went beyond her time through her historic letters.
Her high aspirations are expressed in her letters to her Dutch acquaintances and friends abroad, such as Mr. EC Abendanon, Mrs. MCE Ovink-Soer, Zeehandelaar, Prof. Dr. GK Anton and Mrs. Tuan HH von Kol, and Mrs. HG de Booij- Boissevain. Kartini's letters were published in the Netherlands in 1911 by Mr JH Abendanon under the title Door Duisternis tot Licht. Translated into Indonesian by the new poet Armjn Pane in 1922 with the title After Dark Terbitlah Terang.[3]
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